Curcumin in the quantity of 160 mg (2 soft gels with 40 mg twice a day) per day for 21 days completely eliminated deaths from COVID-19 to 0.0% vs. 5.0% in the control group, according to the clinical study disclosed in Safa Tahmasebi et al., “Nanocurcumin improves Treg cell responses in patients with mild and severe SARS-CoV2,” Life Sciences, 28 March 2021, 276, 119437, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119437, JIF 6.780 (top 13% journals in Pharmacology & Pharmacy).
Curcumin in the quantity of 160 mg (2 soft gell with 40 mg twice a day) per day for 2 weeks completely eliminated progression to intensive care units (ICU) from COVID-19 to 0.0% vs. 40% in the control group, according to the clinical study disclosed in Niloofar Saber-Moghaddam et al., “Oral nano-curcumin formulation efficacy in management of mild to moderate hospitalized coronavirus disease-19 patients: An open label nonrandomized clinical trial,” Phytotherapy Research, 03 January 2021, 35(5), 2616-2623, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7004, JIF 6.388 (top 13% journals in Chemistry, Medicinal and top 16% journals in Pharmacology & Pharmacy).
Curcumin in the quantity of 1,050 mg (a tablet with 525 mg twice a day) per day and piperine in the quantity of 5 mg (tablet with 2.5 mg twice a day) per day for 14 days completely eliminated deaths from COVID-19 to 0.0% vs. 20.0% in the control group, according to the clinical study disclosed in Kirti S. Pawar et al., “Oral curcumin with piperine as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial,” Frontiers in Pharmacology, 28 May 2021, 12, 669362, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.669362, JIF 5.988 (top 18% journals in Pharmacology & Pharmacy).
Curcumin in the quantity of 160 mg (2 soft gels with 40 mg twice a day) per day for 2 weeks completely eliminated hospitalizations from COVID-19 to 0.0% vs. 10.0% in the control group, according to the clinical study disclosed in Reze Ahmadi et al., “Oral nano-curcumin formulation efficacy in the management of mild to moderate outpatient COVID-19: A randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial,” Food Science and Nutrition, 16 June 2021, 9(8), 4068-4075, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2226, JIF 3.553 (top 43% journals in Food Science & Technology).
The preclinical studies of curcumin in cardiovascular diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, drug-induced cardiotoxicity, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, stroke and diabetic cardiovascular complications are analyzed in Hong Li et al., “Curcumin, the golden spice in treating cardiovascular diseases,” Biotechnology Advances, January-February 2020, 38, 107343, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.010, JIF 17.681 (top 3% journals in Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology).
Curcumin is a yellow pigment in the Indian spice Turmeric (Curcuma longa). At the molecular level, this multitargeted agent has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of numerous cell signaling pathways including NF-κB, STAT3, Nrf2, ROS and COX-2. Numerous studies have indicated that curcumin is a highly potent antimicrobial agent and has been shown to be active against various chronic diseases including various types of cancers, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, this compound has also been shown to be synergistic with other nutraceuticals such as resveratrol, piperine, catechins, quercetin and genistein. To date, over 100 different clinical trials have been completed with curcumin, which clearly show its safety, tolerability and its effectiveness against various chronic diseases in humans, according to Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara et al., “Curcumin, the golden nutraceutical: multitargeting for multiple chronic diseases,” British Journal of Pharmacology (2017), 174, 1325–1348, https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13621, JIF 9.473 (top 7% journals in Pharmacology & Pharmacy).
Numerous studies have shown that curcumin possesses a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological properties, acting, for example, as anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-neoplastic, while no toxicity is associated with the compound. Recently, curcumin’s antiviral and antibacterial activity was investigated, and it was shown to act against various important human pathogens like the influenza virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV and strains of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas, according to Dimas Praditya et al., “Anti-infective Properties of the Golden Spice Curcumin,” Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019, 10:912, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00912, JIF 6.064 (top 25% journals in Microbiology).
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with inflammation and angiogenesis, although there is a discrete variability in the doses of the mediators investigated among the different vitreous samples. Curcumin, homotaurine, and vitamin D3 individually have a slightly appreciable anti-inflammatory effect. However, when used in combination, these substances are able to modify the average levels of the soluble mediators of inflammation and retinal damage, according to Mariaelena Filippelli et al., “Anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin, homotaurine, and vitamin D3 on human vitreous in patients with diabetic retinopathy,” Frontiers in Neurology, 2021, 11, 592274, https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.592274, JIF 4.086 (top 42% journals in Clinical neurology and top 45% journals in Neurosciences).
The studies on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antifungal properties of curcuminoids are included. Studies on the toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin have included in vitro, animal, and human studies, according to Nita Chainani-Wu, “Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: A component of tumeric (curcuma longa),” The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 9 (1), 2003, 161-168, https://doi.org/10.1089/107555303321223035, JIF 2.381 (top 67% journals in Integrative & Complementary Medicine).